The required hardness of a workpiece could be defined by its functionality. If a harder or softer hardness on the workpiece is required, heat treatment will be helpful for modifying it specification. Typically, we are using some kinds of differnt heat treatment below to meet the requirements:

1.) quenching

The way to increase the hardness of workpiece made of carbon steel or alloy steel is general performed by quenching which is to heat the workpiece above its critical temperature and hold for a period of time. After that, the workpiece have to be rapidly cooling in the water, oil or air to complete the quenching process. In that way, quenching could increase the hardness but decrease the ductile of the workpiece.

2.) tempering

Tempering is used to increase the toughness of the tooling or spring made of carbon steel or alloy steel. For parts featuring with excess hardness or becoming too hard/brittle after quenching, a consequently tempering process could reduce the hardness and increase the ductile by heating the workpiece to a temperature below its critical point and then steadily cooling to a lower termperature

3.) anealing

Anealing is similar to tempering which is also capable of altering the properties of a workpiece to reduce its hardness and increase its ductile. Under a proper heating temperature, the freedom moving atoms of the metal workpiece could achieve a more equilibrium state. After the heating stage, the workpiece is usually left in the oven for steadily cooling while recrystallization and grain growth are happening. For parts made of carbon steel or alloy steel, if it is a terminal or connector spare part for crimping, a anealing heat treatment might be required.

4.) case hardening

There are a lots of heat treatment methods to partially harden the workpiece. Case hardening is capable of increasing the stiffness of the outer case of a carbon steel of alloy steel, and keep its core area soft as before for better ductile property. The hardened outer case of the workpiece can be much more durable and wear resistant. However, the hardened surface will be no longer suitable for machining. Therefore, case hardening is generally applied once the workpiece has been completed from CNC machining process.

Vickers: F ≥ 98 N, diamond pyramid (HV)
Brinell: F = 29.421 N, ball ø 10 mm (HB)
Rockwell: F = 1,471 N, diamond cone (HRC)

1 MPa = 1 N/mm²

Vickers: F ≥ 98 N, diamond pyramid (HV)
Brinell: F = 29.421 N, ball ø 10 mm (HB)
Rockwell: F = 980 N, ball 1/16″ (HRB)